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13 Aug 2024

Light-Speed Revolution: Kapany's Discovery and the Birth of Fibre Optics

Written by

The Logical Indian

Category

Tech and Engineering

Views

Introduction

In today’s tech-driven world, our reliance on the internet is undeniable. Behind the scenes, the magic that makes our online interactions seamless is woven by fibre optics, a groundbreaking technology pioneered by the unheralded “Father of Fiber Optics”, Narinder Singh Kapany. Born in India, Kapany’s journey from a physics enthusiast to a revolutionary innovator has left an indelible mark on the way we communicate.

The Birth of a Visionary

Narinder Singh Kapany, hailing from India, found his passion for physics during his formative years. His academic journey took him from Agra University to Imperial College London. Kapany’s quest for transmitting light through a flexible medium led him to a groundbreaking discovery—the principle of total internal reflection. This principle became the cornerstone for fibre optics, allowing light to travel even through bent or curved mediums.

Fibrescope and Challenges

Kapany’s ingenuity gave birth to the “fibrescope”, a flexible device embedded with optical fibres transmitting light like solitary pixels. However, challenges arose, revealing that the light signal at the end of the fibre optic tube lacked precision over long distances. Enter physicist Charles K. Kao, who resolved these issues, earning him a Nobel Prize. Kapany’s journey exemplifies collaboration and dedication to overcoming hurdles for the greater good.

Entrepreneurial Triumphs

Beyond his groundbreaking inventions, Kapany was not merely a scientist but also a successful entrepreneur. In 1960, he founded Optics Technology Inc., where he served as Chairman, President, and Director of Research for over a decade. Fortune recognised him among the “Unsung Heroes of the 20th Century”, underscoring the profound impact of his Nobel Prize-worthy contribution.

Legacy of an Unsung Hero

Narinder Singh Kapany’s visionary work extends beyond the laboratory. His passing on 4 December 2020, marked by a posthumous Padma Vibhushan in 2021, highlights the profound impact he had on India and the world. While his name may not echo as loudly as other technological pioneers, his revolutionary work continues to illuminate our path in the Information Age.

The Father of Fibre Optics

Known as the ‘Father of Fibre Optics’, Kapany’s legacy encompasses over 100 patents and a relentless pursuit of pushing scientific boundaries. His invention in 1953 revolutionised the transmission of high-quality images through fibre bundles, setting the stage for transformative innovations globally. Fortune magazine hailed him as one of the seven unsung heroes of the 20th century, a testament to the magnitude of his contributions.

Multi-Faceted Genius

Beyond his scientific endeavours, Kapany’s life reflects a multi-faceted personality—physicist, innovator, entrepreneur, farmer, philanthropist, and art collector. His autobiography, “The Man Who Bent Light”, delves into the mind of a remarkable individual who not only shaped the scientific landscape but also embraced diverse facets of life.

Impact on Sikh Culture and Heritage

Kapany’s influence extended to the establishment of the Sikh Foundation in 1967, pioneering the display of Sikh arts globally. His contribution went beyond science, embracing and promoting Sikh culture and heritage. Kapany became a trailblazer, not just in technology but in fostering cultural understanding and appreciation.

Conclusion

As we navigate the fast-paced world enabled by fibre optics, it is crucial to recognise the roots of this transformative technology. Narinder Singh Kapany’s journey, from the bylanes of India to the forefront of global innovation, showcases the potential that arises when passion, intellect, and determination converge. Fibre optics, a gift from India to the world, continues to illuminate our connected future, reminding us to honour the unsung hero whose brilliance shaped our present and future.

References

ANI News, 5th June 2023 https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/narinder-singh-kapany-the-unheralded-father-of-fiber-optics20230605163502/
New Indian Express, Gautam Chintamani, 11th Dec 2021 https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2021/Dec/12/narinder-singh-kapany-therelentless-innovator-behind-the-science-of-Fiber-optics-2393969.html
Ny Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/07/technology/narinder-s-kapany-dead.html
Sikh Foundation
https://www.sikhfoundation.org/narinder-singh-kapany-and-sikh-foundation-remembering-on-his-birthday/

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IndiaFirst Life & the logical indian

Headquartered in Mumbai, IndiaFirst Life Insurance Company Limited (IndiaFirst Life), is one of the country's youngest life insurance companies. The Logical Indian is an independent and public-spirited digital media platform for Indian Millennials. IndiaFirst Life and The Logical Indian have come together to showcase India’s rich history of innovation in different fields of life which have made a significant mark on humanity and globally. The information presented here is the result of a collaborative effort between The IndiaFirst Life, Dentsu Creative & The Logical Indian. All research and fact-finding is credited to Dentsu Creative in association with The Logical Indian.