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13 Aug 2024

Kalaripayattu: India's Ancient Martial Art Conquering the World

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The Logical Indian

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Introduction

In the picturesque state of Kerala, nestled in southern India, a remarkable martial art form has not only stood the test of time but has also made its mark across the globe. Kalaripayattu is composed of two words, kalari means “place of combat” and payattu means “fighting” in Malayalam, is not just a series of movements; it's a piece of India's rich history, and its significance is now recognized worldwide.

The Ancient Roots

The roots of Kalaripayattu are deeply embedded in the lush landscapes of ancient Kerala, where it is believed to have originated. Yet, the exact moment of its inception remains shrouded in mystery, with historians placing its birth anywhere between 200 BCE and 600 CE. Mythology intertwines with its narrative, attributing its introduction to Lord Parasurama, the sixth avatar of Lord Vishnu, who, according to legend, reclaimed Kerala from the Arabian Sea.

Evolution and Resilience

Kalaripayattu's journey from a survival skill used by early inhabitants to a sophisticated martial art form reflects the resilience and adaptability of India's cultural heritage. Historically, it thrived between the 14th and 16th centuries, gaining popularity and admiration for its intricate techniques, fluid motions, and the remarkable flexibility displayed by its practitioners.

One consistent theme throughout Kalaripayattu's history has been its connection to daily life in Kerala. With numerous references to the existence of training centres, known as kalaris, in almost every village, it becomes evident that this martial art was ingrained in the fabric of society. Traditionally associated with masculinity, Kalaripayattu also features stories of formidable female warriors challenging their male counterparts in all aspects of martial arts.

Survival Against Odds

The British colonial rule in India dealt a blow to the practice of martial arts, including Kalaripayattu. The authorities, fearing uprisings, imposed strict regulations against the use of weapons and martial training. However, the spirit of Kalaripayattu persisted, quietly thriving in remote regions where individuals continued to practise to avoid conflict with the British rulers.

Independence marked a resurgence for martial arts in India, and Kalaripayattu regained its popularity. Today, it is not just confined to the borders of Kerala but has spread to the outskirts of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and even reached the shores of Sri Lanka. The art form has evolved from being a survival skill to a source of income, with performances attracting visitors from around the world.

Global Influence

Kalaripayattu's uniqueness lies in its longevity and its influence on other martial arts. It is believed to be the oldest surviving martial art in India, with a history spanning over 3,000 years. While other Asian nations developed their own styles, such as karate, kungfu, and jiu-jitsu, Kalaripayattu's impact is unmistakable, creating a ripple effect that reached far and wide.

Connection to Nature

The essence of Kalaripayattu lies in its connection to nature. According to legend, Agastya Muni, a revered sage, developed the martial art to combat the wildlife that once thrived in the region. As people encountered threats on their journeys, the techniques evolved from dealing with animals to defending against fellow humans, leading to the transformation of Kalaripayattu into a comprehensive martial art.

The forms of Kalaripayattu, known as 'Ashta Vadivu,' draw inspiration from animal postures, showcasing a seamless integration of nature into the art. The training process, divided into four parts, emphasises the synchronisation of body conditioning activities, training with wooden weapons, practising manoeuvres with sharp weapons, and finally, barehanded combat.

A Testament to India's Heritage

Kalaripayattu stands as a testament to India's ancient wisdom and cultural heritage. Its journey from the dense forests of Kerala to the global stage is a story of resilience, adaptability, and a deep connection to the roots. As martial arts continue to gain popularity in India and beyond, Kalaripayattu remains a shining example of a timeless art form that originated in India and has become an invaluable treasure for the world.

References

Kerala Tourism - https://www.keralatourism.org/kalaripayattu/origin/introduction
https://www.keralatourism.org/kalaripayattu/video-gallery/promo-kalaripayattu/1162
The Print - https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/what-is-kalaripayattu-ancient-indian-martial-art-that-has-come-to-define-kerala/1338700/
BBC - https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0c7trtc/kalaripayattu-india-s-oldest-martial-art
Athma Kalari - https://athmakalari.com/why-was-kalaripayattu-banned#:~:text=Colonial%20Suppression&text=People%20who%20practiced%20Kalaripayattu%20felt,of%20people%20rebelling%20against%20them.
Kalaripayattu Bangalore -https://www.kalaripayattubangalore.com/about/kalaripayattu-history/#:~:text=Kalaripayattu%20is%20an%20ancient%20art,by%20the%20South%20Indian%20dynasties.

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Headquartered in Mumbai, IndiaFirst Life Insurance Company Limited (IndiaFirst Life), is one of the country's youngest life insurance companies. The Logical Indian is an independent and public-spirited digital media platform for Indian Millennials. IndiaFirst Life and The Logical Indian have come together to showcase India’s rich history of innovation in different fields of life which have made a significant mark on humanity and globally. Please note, The information presented here is the result of a collaborative effort between The IndiaFirst Life, Dentsu Creative & The Logical Indian. All research and fact-finding is credited to Dentsu Creative in association with The Logical Indian.

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